Navy uncrewed vessels monitor Northland waters for narcotics trafficking

The two 7.4-metre USVs, which use solar, wind or wave motion to power their monitoring systems and propulsion, undertook two sustained maritime patrols across both east and west coasts, all under remote control from an operations room at the Devonport Naval Base. 

The USVs – named Tahi and Rua - are a joint acquisition between the RNZN and Customs, entering service last year.

Using radar, electro-optic and infrared cameras, the USVs were able to patrol up the east coast of Northland, including the Bay of Islands and Whangaroa Harbour, reaching as far as Ninety Mile Beach.

Their job was to monitor maritime traffic during the January to May season of small craft travelling to and from other countries.

Tahi and Rua were looking for vessels exhibiting behaviours of interest that could indicate narcotics transportation, such as transfers between ships or direct landings in remote bays and beaches under cover of darkness. 

Data and imagery gathered during the patrols has been passed to Customs for assessment.

The RNZN Officer in Charge of the operation, Lieutenant Commander Sam Kinghorn, says the patrols provided persistent intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in areas difficult to monitor using crewed vessels. 

“This deployment demonstrated that uncrewed systems can deliver significant operational benefit at very low cost.” 

Benefits included real-time sharing of imagery and data with Customs, allowing them to assess and prioritise taskings. 

“By reducing the need to deploy crewed vessels, the USVs improved force readiness, lowered risk to personnel, and potentially allow Customs boarding teams to be held at readiness if required,” Lieutenant Commander Kinghorn said.

Customs Maritime Manager Robert Smith says the joint acquisition of Tahi and Rua with the RNZN provides a shared capability that directly supports Customs’ border operations.

“It allows Customs to access sustained maritime monitoring without relying solely on crewed assets, improving coverage in hard-to-reach areas and increasing the efficiency of our operations.” 

Customs Group Manager Maritime Paul Campbell says the capability reflects the strength of their long-standing partnership with the RNZN.

“Shared technology and intelligence allow us to operate more effectively together at sea,” he said.

“By aligning our efforts, we’re able to extend maritime awareness, respond faster to emerging risks, and target activity where it matters most.

“It’s a practical example of how coordinated, multi-agency operations strengthen New Zealand’s border."

New Zealand Defence Force Maritime Component, Commander Commodore Shane Arndell, says since entering service the two USVs are now being used regularly. 

“Their use is an important part of the New Zealand Defence Force’s move towards smarter, more sustainable surveillance methods.”