As mentioned earlier, the NZDF is not the sole contributor to Defence Policy Objectives or Outcomes, or the security of New Zealand; other government departments and agencies also contribute. The relationship that the NZDF has with these other departments and agencies, under the Whole-of-Government approach, continues to take on increased importance. While not an exhaustive list of departments / agencies that the NZDF has a working relationship with, the table that follows shows those with which the NZDF shares common outcomes, provides a summary of the relationship, and how the NZDF contributes to the shared outcomes. It should also be noted that, in most situations in New Zealand, the other government departments / agencies are being supported by the NZDF, i.e. those departments/agencies take the lead.
Together with the NZDF, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the New Zealand Customs Service, form the External Sector, as reported in the Information Supporting the Estimates of Appropriations for the Government of New Zealand (B.5A Vol. 4) annual budget document. These departments are collectively responsible for managing most of New Zealand’s official relationships with the rest of the world and protecting its security at and beyond the border.
Ministry of Defence (MoD)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure,
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity,
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 3: New Zealand values and interests advanced through participation in regional and international security systems, and
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 4: New Zealand Able to Meet Future National Security Challenges.
MoD two high-level Outcomes:
- New Zealand is secure.
- The security of other nations is enhanced by New Zealand’s efforts.
MoD Intermediate Outcomes:
- New Zealand’s military capabilities are aligned with our requirements.
- New Zealand’s military deployments support our regional and wider international objectives.
- New Zealand’s defence relationships are aligned with our security interests and foreign policy goals.
- New Zealand identifies all credible military threats to its security environment.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF and MoD Main and Intermediate Outcomes are mutually reinforcing. The NZDF and MoD have a strong relationship. This relationship, which is critical to Defence’s strategic interaction with the Government, was further enhanced by various projects under the Defence Sustainability Initiative (DSI). NZDF / MoD cooperation is facilitated through:
- the Office of Chief Executives (Secretary of Defence and CDF discuss policy issues of mutual interest);
- the Executive Capability Board (MoD and NZDF senior military and civilian officials oversee major capital acquisitions);
- a joint strategic office directed collaboratively by the Vice Chief of Defence Force and Deputy Secretary Policy and Planning; and
- the implementation of shared systems and processes to strengthen collaboration and consultation, and identification of options to create a shared information management environment to support information sharing.
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 3: New Zealand values and interests advanced through participation in regional and international security systems.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 4: New Zealand Able to Meet Future National Security Challenges.
The main Outcome that DPMC works to achieve is: Good government, with effective public service support. The DPMC Contributing Outcome that closely relates to the NZDF is: The management of domestic and external security is well planned, informed and co-ordinated.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
DPMC serves the Executive (the Prime Minister, the Governor-General, and the Cabinet) through the provision of high quality impartial advice and support services which make government decision-making, including decisions on defence-related matters, easier at both strategic and operational levels.
While Defence has an obvious relationship with the National Assessments Bureau (NAB) of DPMC, the more important relationship is through the Domestic and External Security Group (DESG). The DESG coordinates central government activities aimed at protecting New Zealand’s domestic and external security, including intelligence, counter-terrorism preparedness, emergency / crisis management and defence operations. DESG also provides advice and support to the Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Coordination (ODESC) - of which the NZDF (CDF) and the MoD (Sec Def) are members. Inter alia, DESG also convenes inter-departmental watch groups, including defence representation, that are set up to monitor major issues and to oversee inter-agency action.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
NZDF Intermediate Outcomes 2 to 4.
MFAT Mission: New Zealand’s security and prosperity interests are advanced and protected, our voice is heard abroad.
MFAT Long-Term Outcome 1: New Zealand’s security and economic interests safeguarded through its political and security relationships.
MFAT Long-Term Outcome 5: The rights of New Zealanders abroad protected.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF enjoys a close working relationship with MFAT. This relationship ranges from shared decision-making / advice to government on a wide variety of topics, including New Zealand’s participation in overseas military / UN and other multi-national missions, to participation in an equally wide range of regional and global fora. The ultimate objective is to advance New Zealand’s interests, which includes working toward reducing risks to New Zealand.
The core collaborative relationship that MFAT has with the NZDF revolves around diplomacy and, in particular:
- The bilateral and regional defence relationships and security cooperation initiatives that are developed. For the NZDF this involves such matters as the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) and the Mutual Assistance Programme (MAP), actual operations such as NZDF and NZ Police assistance in Solomon Islands, and the relationships that our Defence Attaches/Defence Advisors have with other Armed Forces around the world. It also involves NZDF participation in a range of military and non-military overseas fora as listed elsewhere in this SOI.
- Supporting New Zealand citizens caught up in emergency situations overseas. For the NZDF this may involve, on the decision of Cabinet, the deployment of NZDF force elements to evacuate New Zealand citizens and possibly others from emergency situations (military and non-military) overseas.
Antarctica New Zealand
Shared Outcomes
Antarctica New Zealand is the Crown Entity responsible for developing, managing and executing New Zealand Government activities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, the Ross Dependency in particular.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF provides support, annually, to the NZ Antarctic Programme (NZAP). This normally involves C-130 Hercules tasks to McMurdo Sound, freight movement, terminal operations, training assistance, some logistic support and other assistance as requested and approved, such as engineer support.
NZ Police
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to NZ from regional and global insecurity.
The related New Zealand Police Outcome: Confident, Safe and Secure Communities.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF enjoys a special working relationship with the New Zealand Police. In all cases in New Zealand, except CBRE/IEDD, the NZ Police is the lead department; the NZDF is in support. Recently, a comprehensive Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been concluded with the NZ Police. It covers the wide range of NZDF / NZ police working relationships, including but not limited to:
- Counter-Terrorist Operations (and training for same).
- Search and Rescue (land, sea and air); this in concert with MNZ/RCCNZ (see below).
- IEDD/CB Response – CBD and national coverage.
- Special Police Operations supported by the NZDF (involving sea days, air flying hours and, where required, man-days).
- Other one-off assistance to the New Zealand Police in New Zealand and the Pacific, as required.
The NZDF and NZ Police are also working side by side in restoring or maintaining law and order in several Pacific Island nations.
Ministry of Fisheries (M Fish)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
Ministry of Fisheries related Outcome: The health of the aquatic environment is protected.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF and the Ministry of Fisheries have had a long-standing relationship revolving around the NZ EEZ and the protection of our fisheries.
Using its aerial and surface surveillance capabilities, the NZDF has a responsibility for the surveillance of the NZ EEZ. M Fish and the NZDF share information on offshore fishing operations to ensure that surveillance efforts are directed at the areas of highest risk and that fisheries-related surveillance capacity is efficiently used.
The NZDF’s support to the Ministry of Fisheries under the NZDF’s Multi-Agency Operations and Tasks (MAO&T) will take on increased significance as the new Offshore and Inshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs and IPVs) of the Navy (under Project PROTECTOR), are fully introduced into service.
In addition, the long-range maritime patrol aircraft (P3-K Orion) contribute to the NZDF/Ministry of Fisheries working relationship. The bulk of the Ministry of Fisheries tasking requirements of the NZDF are coordinated through the National Maritime Coordination Centre (NMCC) located at HQ JFNZ, Trentham.
New Zealand Customs Service
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 3: New Values and Interests Advanced Through Participation in Regional and International Security Concerns
New Zealand Customs Service Mission is: Protecting New Zealand’s border and revenue in order that New Zealanders may live safely while actively participating in the global community.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZ Customs Service facilitates the movement of people, craft and goods across the border and protects New Zealand’s border and revenue, so that New Zealanders can benefit from participating in international trade and travel while being protected from the potential risks that go with that. This role involves both the facilitation of legitimate trade and travel and enforcement of the law to ensure that illicit goods or people do not enter or leave New Zealand.
The NZDF, Navy and Air Force in particular, support the role of the NZ Customs Service, the flows of people, goods and craft in particular, by the provision of planned surveillance of NZ’s air and sea borders, and participation in training exercises such as the Proliferation Security Initiative (movement of suspected weapons of mass destruction.) The maritime surveillance role, under the NZDF MAO&T, will take on increased significance as the new Offshore and Inshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs and IPVs) of the Navy (under Project PROTECTOR) are introduced into service.
Maritime New Zealand (MNZ)
[Formerly Maritime Safety Authority (MSA) of New Zealand]. [And by association, links with the RCCNZ, the SAR Council of NZ, the SAR Consultative Committee, CAA and NZ Police]
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
The MNZ vision, as part of the wider New Zealand Transport Strategy, is: Safe, secure and clean seas.
The Board of MNZ promotes maritime safety, environmental protection and security through standard setting, monitoring, education, compliance, safety services and oil pollution response.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
Maritime New Zealand is a Crown Entity that has maritime safety as a core objective. Roles most closely related to the NZDF include development of maritime safety rules, management and coordination of national and international search and rescue, promotion of and education in maritime safety, and maintenance of the NZ marine oil spill response strategy and national contingency plan.
The NZDF is required to assist Maritime New Zealand, on request, with search and rescue operations. Normally, it is the P3-K Orion aircraft or helicopters of the RNZAF and/or RNZN vessels and helicopters that will be involved in such assistance. These defence assets will also report pollution and oil spills in the course of their normal routine military training activities. They will also support measures, coordinated by Maritime New Zealand, to enhance New Zealand’s maritime security. The NZ Army and the RNZAF are also frequently involved in SAR on land.
The NZDF is represented on the Search and Rescue Council of NZ by a senior officer from HQ JFNZ. That Council provides high-level strategic governance to all SAR agencies in NZ. The Council is supported by a Secretariat and a SAR Consultative Committee. The SAR Consultative Committee serves as a link between the Secretariat and SAR providers. The NZDF is represented on this committee.
New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS)
Shared Outcomes
The first responsibility of government in a democracy is the security of its country and citizens. That security cannot be taken for granted, and most nations around the world have some form of arrangements in place to warn about threats which could endanger or harm their people.
The NZSIS gathers information related to New Zealand’s security, assesses its significance, and gives advice to the Government and appropriate stakeholders.
The primary outcomes to which the NZSIS works relate to ‘protecting New Zealand from terrorism, espionage, sabotage, subversion, and threats to our international and economic well-being and providing advice to other government departments’.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZSIS is one of a small group of intelligence agencies, each with its own responsibilities, which make up New Zealand's intelligence and security community. All of the agencies in that community work towards achieving the national security policies of the New Zealand Government. These policies aim to:
- protect and promote New Zealand's defence, foreign policy, and national economic interests;
- protect New Zealanders and their property;
- detect and prevent serious overseas-based crime which could affect this country; and
- protect against threats from terrorism and espionage.
The NZSIS makes its contributions to the above in accordance with the NZSIS Act.
The NZDF contributes to the work of the NZ SIS by providing information that its own intelligence sources, indeed any elements within the NZDF, may acquire; albeit, the major flow of information is from the NZSIS to the NZDF and other relevant government departments / agencies. The NZDF maintains a permanent representative within the Combined Threat Assessment Group which is hosted by the NZ SIS.
The NZDF is the largest customer of the NZ SIS in terms of personnel security vetting procedures.
Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 4: New Zealand Able to Meet Future National Security Challenges.
GCSB Outcomes 2, 4 and 5 relate closely to Defence: A Government alerted to any external threats; Official information is protected; and critical national infrastructure is protected.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF’s long-standing working relationship with GCSB is similar to that which the NZDF has with the NZ SIS; involving, as it does, the intelligence and security community. Each of New Zealand’s intelligence and security agencies within that community has its own distinct responsibilities. However, they all work towards achieving the national security policies of the New Zealand Government.
The NZDF/GCSB relationship involves the sharing of information and intelligence, as appropriate. Brief extracts from GCSB output statements best sum up the areas of mutual interest: “Provide intelligence reports to enhance government decision-making in the areas of security and defence”; “Provision of support to other departments and agencies, particularly the NZDF”; GCSB, in concert with integrated NZDF staff where appropriate, provides intelligence and threat warning support to NZDF military operations, and advice on intelligence matters to the NZDF and others”; “Information is appropriately protected through improving awareness across government to improve the security of electronically held, processed or transmitted official information.”
Department of Internal Affairs - Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The Department of Internal Affairs / Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management Outcome that most closely relates to the NZDF is: Safer Communities.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NZDF and the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management have always had a close working relationship on civil defence matters.
The NZDF maintains representation and/or liaison at local, regional and national civil defence levels, including on the Officials Working Group for Domestic and External Security Coordination (ODESC). NZDF resources (personnel and equipment, including vehicles and helicopters) will be made available, if available at the time, to support declared local, regional or national civil defence emergencies. In addition, NZDF personnel and assets are made available from time to time to participate in civil defence training exercises.
The types of assistance offered by the NZDF were evident and well publicised during the civil defence emergencies of major flooding in the Manawatu and Bay of Plenty in 2004, the snow falls in Canterbury in June 2006 and the floods in Northland in July 2007.
Department of Conservation (DOC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
DOC Outcome: Conserving and managing New Zealand’s natural, historic and cultural heritage provides increasing benefit to New Zealanders.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
DOC administers most of the Crown Land in New Zealand protected for scenic, scientific, historic or cultural reasons, or set aside for recreation. This is almost a third of New Zealand’s land area, including national, forest and maritime parks, marine reserves, nearly 4,000 reserves, river margins, some coastline and many offshore islands.
The NZDF has been a regular contributor to many facets of DOC’s work. While the Navy has a particular relationship with DOC in terms of conducting surveillance and enforcement tasks in New Zealand’s island areas and providing resupply of stores and equipment to remote islands, the Army and Air Force are regularly requested to assist in supporting DOC tasks.
National Maritime Coordination Centre (NMCC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The NMCC coordinates services that support the effective and efficient use of New Zealand’s ‘whole-of-government’ maritime patrol and surveillance assets.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution11
The NMCC is co-located with HQ Joint Forces New Zealand at Trentham. It is managed and operated as a separate unit within a host agency - that agency being the New Zealand Customs Service. It is through the NMCC that NZDF assets, such as the P-3K Orion maritime patrol aircraft, the Offshore and Inshore patrol vessels, and other NZDF assets, are coordinated to support multi-agency operations and tasks in the New Zealand environment in support of a range of government departments and agencies, such as the New Zealand Customs Service and the Ministry of Fisheries.
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