As mentioned earlier, the NZDF is not the sole contributor to Defence Policy Objectives or Outcomes, or the security of New Zealand; other government departments and agencies also contribute. The relationship that the NZDF has with these other departments and agencies6, under the Whole-of-Government approach, continues to take on increased importance. While not an exhaustive list of departments/agencies that the NZDF has a working relationship with, the information below shows those with which the NZDF shares common outcomes, provides a summary of the relationship, and how the NZDF contributes7 to the shared outcomes. It should also be noted that, in most situations in New Zealand, the other government departments/agencies are being supported by the NZDF, i.e. those departments/ agencies take the lead.
Ministry of Defence (MOD)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
MoD Main Outcome: High quality advice is provided to the government in order to advance New Zealand’s defence and security objectives.
MoD Intermediate Outcomes:
- The Government has security, defence and capability policy options that allow it to respond to the international, regional and local security environment appropriately.
- The NZDF is equipped with those major systems and equipments it needs to meet the Government’s defence and security sector requirements.
- The Government is provided with independent audit advice on the performance of the NZDF and the procurement activities of the Ministry of Defence.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF and MoD Main and Intermediate Outcomes are mutually reinforcing. The NZDF and MoD have a strong relationship. This relationship, which is critical to Defence’s strategic interaction with the Government, was further enhanced by various projects under the Defence Sustainability Initiative (DSI).
NZDF / MoD cooperation is facilitated through:
- the Office of Chief Executives (Secretary of Defence and CDF discuss policy issues of mutual interest);
- the Executive Capability Board (MoD and NZDF senior military and civilian officials oversee major capital acquisitions);
- a joint strategic office directed collaboratively by the Vice Chief of Defence Force and Deputy Secretary Policy and Planning; and
- the implementation of shared systems and processes to strengthen collaboration and consultation, and identification of options to create a shared information management environment to support information sharing.
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
The main Outcome that DPMC works to achieve is:
Good government, with effective public service support. The DPMC Contributing Outcome that closely relates to the NZDF is:
The management of domestic and external security and other risks is well planned, informed and co-ordinated.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
DPMC serves the Executive (the Prime Minister, the Governor-General, and the Cabinet) through the provision of high quality impartial advice and support services which make government decision-making, including decisions on defence-related matters, easier at both strategic and operational levels.
While Defence has an obvious relationship with the External Assessments Bureau (EAB) of DPMC, the more important relationship is through the Domestic and External Security Group (DESG). The DESG coordinates central government activities aimed at protecting New Zealand’s domestic and external security, including intelligence, counter-terrorism preparedness, emergency/crisis management and defence operations. DESG also provides advice and support to the Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Coordination (ODESC) - of which the NZDF (CDF) and the MoD (Sec Def) are members. Inter alia, DESG also convenes inter- departmental watch groups, including defence representation, that are set up to monitor major issues and to oversee inter-agency action.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to NZ from regional and global insecurity.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 3: New Zealand values and interests advanced through participation in regional and international security systems.
MFAT Main Outcome (and Mission): New Zealand’s security and prosperity interests are advanced and protected, and our voice is heard abroad.
MFAT Intermediate Outcome 1: New Zealand’s security interests safeguarded.
MFAT Intermediate Outcome 5:
Protection of the Rights of New Zealanders abroad.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF enjoys a close working relationship with MFAT. This relationship ranges from shared decision-making / advice to government on a wide variety of topics, including New Zealand’s participation in overseas military / UN and other multi-national missions, to participation in an equally wide range of regional and global fora. The ultimate objective is to advance New Zealand’s interests, which includes working toward reducing risks to New Zealand.
The core collaborative relationship that MFAT has with the NZDF revolves around diplomacy and, in particular:
- The bilateral and regional defence relationships and security cooperation initiatives that are developed. For the NZDF this involves such matters as the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) and the Mutual Assistance Programme (MAP), actual operations such as NZDF and NZ Police assistance in the Solomon Islands, and the relationships that our Defence Attaches/Defence Advisors have with other Armed Forces. It also involves NZDF participation in a range of military and non-military overseas fora as listed elsewhere in this SOI.
- Supporting New Zealand citizens caught up in emergency situations overseas. For the NZDF this may involve, on the decision of Cabinet, the deployment of NZDF force elements to evacuate New Zealand citizens and possibly others from emergency situations (military and non-military) overseas.
NZ Police
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The related New Zealand Police Outcome: Confident, Safe and Secure Communities.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF enjoys a special working relationship with the New Zealand Police. In all cases in New Zealand, except CBRE/IEDD, the NZ Police is the lead department; the NZDF is in support. Recently, a comprehensive Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been concluded with the NZ Police. It covers the wide range of NZDF / NZ police working relationships, including but not limited to:
- Counter-Terrorist Operations (and training for same).
- Search and Rescue (land, sea and air); this in concert with MNZ/RCCNZ (see below).
- IEDD/CB Response – CBD and national coverage.
- Special Police Operations supported by the NZDF (involving sea days, air flying hours and, where required, man-days).
- Other one-off assistance to the New Zealand Police in New Zealand and the Pacific, as required.
The NZDF and NZ Police are also working side by side in restoring or maintaining law and order in several Pacific Island nations.
Ministry of Fisheries (M Fish)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
Ministry of Fisheries Main Outcome: The value New Zealanders obtain through the sustainable use of fisheries resources and protection of the aquatic environment is maximised.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF and the Ministry of Fisheries have had a long-standing relationship revolving around the NZ EEZ and the protection of our fisheries.
Using its aerial and surface surveillance capabilities, the NZDF has a responsibility for the surveillance of the NZ EEZ. The Ministry of Fisheries and NZDF share information on offshore fishing operations to ensure that surveillance efforts are directed at the areas of highest risk and that fisheries-related surveillance capacity is efficiently used.
The NZDF’s support to the Ministry of Fisheries under the NZDF’s Multi-Agency Operations and Tasks (MAO&T) will take on increased significance as the new Offshore and Inshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs and IPVs) of the Navy (under Project PROTECTOR), are introduced into service.
In addition, the long-range maritime patrol aircraft (P3-K Orion) contribute to the NZDF/Ministry of Fisheries working relationship. The bulk of the Ministry of Fisheries tasking requirements of the NZDF are coordinated through the National Maritime Coordination Centre (NMCC) located at HQ JFNZ, Trentham.
New Zealand Customs Service
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 2: Reduced Risks to New Zealand from regional and global insecurity.
New Zealand Customs Service Outcome:
Border Security - New Zealand is protected from threats to national security by Customs’ situational awareness and readiness to respond.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZ Customs Service facilitates the movement of people, craft and goods across the border and protects New Zealand’s border and revenue, so that New Zealanders can benefit from participating in international trade and travel while being protected from the potential risks that go with that. This role involves both the facilitation of legitimate trade and travel and enforcement of the law to ensure that illicit goods or people do not enter or leave New Zealand.
The NZDF, Navy and Air Force in particular, support the role of the NZ Customs Service, the flows of people, goods and craft in particular, by the provision of planned surveillance of NZ’s air and sea borders. This role, under the NZDF MAO&T, will take on increased significance as the new Offshore and Inshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs and IPVs) of the Navy (under Project PROTECTOR) and possibly short-range maritime patrol aircraft (in the future) are introduced into service.
Maritime New Zealand (MNZ)
[Formerly Maritime Safety Authority (MSA) of New Zealand]. [And by association, links with the RCCNZ, the SAR Council of NZ, the SAR Consultative Committee, CAA and NZ Police]
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure New Zealand, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The MMZ vision, as part of the wider New Zealand Transport Strategy, is: A maritime environment with minimal deaths, accidents, incidents and pollution as part of an integrated and sustainable; transport system.
The Board of MNZ promotes maritime safety, environmental protection and security through standard setting, monitoring, compliance, safety services (navigation aids, radio) and oil pollution response.
Note: On 5 July 2004 the Rescue Coordination Centre New Zealand (RCCNZ) took over responsibility for Class III SAR activity in New Zealand’s SAR Region. The new Centre is managed by Maritime New Zealand under a MOU with the CAA.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
Maritime New Zealand is a Crown Entity that has maritime safety as a core objective. Roles most closely related to the NZDF include development of maritime safety rules, management and coordination of national and international search and rescue, promotion of and education in maritime safety, and maintenance of the NZ marine oil spill response strategy and national contingency plan.
The NZDF is required to assist Maritime New Zealand, on request, with search and rescue operations. Normally, it is the P3-K Orion aircraft or helicopters of the RNZAF and/or RNZN vessels and helicopters that will be involved in such assistance. These defence assets will also report pollution and oil spills
in the course of their normal routine military training activities. They will also support measures, coordinated by Maritime New Zealand, to enhance New Zealand’s maritime security. The NZ Army and the RNZAF are also frequently involved in SAR on land.
The NZDF is represented on the Search and Rescue Council of NZ by a senior officer from HQ JFNZ. That Council provides high-level strategic governance to all SAR agencies in NZ. The Council is supported by a Secretariat and a SAR Consultative Committee. The SAR Consultative Committee serves as a link between the Secretariat and SAR providers. The NZDF is represented on this committee.
New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS)
Shared Outcomes
The first responsibility of government in a democracy is the security of its country and citizens. That security cannot be taken for granted, and most nations around the world have some form of arrangement in place to warn about threats which could endanger or harm their people.
The NZSIS gathers information related to New Zealand’s security, assesses its significance and advises the Government accordingly.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1:
Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZSIS is one of a small group of intelligence agencies, each with its own responsibilities, which make up New Zealand's intelligence and security community. All of the agencies in that community work towards achieving the national security policies of the New Zealand Government. These policies aim to:
- protect and promote New Zealand's defence, foreign policy, and national economic interests,
- protect New Zealanders and their property,
- detect and prevent serious overseas-based crime which could affect this country, and
- protect against threats from terrorism and espionage.
The NZSIS makes its contributions to the above in accordance with the NZSIS Act.
The NZDF contributes to the work of the NZ SIS by providing information that its own intelligence sources, indeed any elements within the NZDF, may acquire; albeit, the major flow of information is from the NZSIS to the NZDF and other relevant government departments/agencies. The NZDF maintains a permanent representative within the Combined Threat Assessment Group which is hosted by the NZ SIS.
The NZDF is the largest customer of the NZ SIS in terms of personnel security vetting procedures.
Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Main Outcome: New Zealand secure and protected from external threats now and in the future.
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
GCSB Outcome 1: New Zealanders and New Zealand interests are protected and advanced through the provision of relevant, accurate and timely foreign intelligence and threat warning information.
GCSB Intermediate Outcome 2: National and public interest is properly served through the appropriate protection of official information and the critical national infrastructure.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF’s long-standing working relationship with GCSB is similar to that that the NZDF has with the NZ SIS; involving, as it does, the intelligence and security community. Each of New Zealand’s intelligence and security agencies within that community has its own distinct responsibilities. However they all work towards achieving the national security policies of the New Zealand Government.
The NZDF / GCSB relationship involves the sharing of information and intelligence, as appropriate. This can best be summed up by GCSB’s description of its output expense: “Advising and assisting government departments and agencies on matters related to the security and integrity of classified or sensitive information processed, communicated or stored by electronic means, and information to meet the national intelligence requirements of the New Zealand Government”. This includes “support to the NZDF military and peacekeeping activities”.
Department of Internal Affairs - Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The Department of Internal Affairs / Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management Outcome that most closely relates to the NZDF is:
Safer Communities.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NZDF and the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management have always had a close working relationship on civil defence matters.
The NZDF maintains representation and/or liaison at local, regional and national civil defence levels, including on the Officials Working Group for Domestic and External Security Coordination (ODESC). NZDF resources (manpower and equipment, including vehicles and helicopters) will be made available, if available at the time, to support declared local, regional or national civil defence emergencies. In addition, NZDF personnel and assets are made available from time to time to participate in civil defence training exercises.
The types of assistance offered by the NZDF were evident and well publicised during the civil defence emergencies of major flooding in the Manawatu and Bay of Plenty in 2004, the snow falls in Canterbury in June 2006 and the floods in Northland in July 2007.
Department of Conservation (DOC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
DOC Outcome - Protection:
New Zealand’s natural and historic heritage entrusted to DOC is protected and restored.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
DOC administers most of the Crown Land in New Zealand protected for scenic, scientific, historic or cultural reasons, or set aside for recreation. This is almost a third of New Zealand’s land area, including national, forest and maritime parks, marine reserves, nearly 4,000 reserves, river margins, some coastline and many offshore islands.
The NZDF has been a regular contributor to many facets of DOC’s work. While the Navy has a particular relationship with DOC in terms of conducting surveillance and enforcement tasks in island areas and providing resupply of stores and equipment to remote islands, the Army and Air Force are regularly requested to assist in supporting DOC tasks.
National Maritime Coordination Centre (NMCC)
Shared Outcomes
NZDF Intermediate Outcome 1: Secure NZ, including its people, land, territorial waters, EEZ, natural resources and critical infrastructure.
The NMCC
coordinates services for civilian purposes that support the effective and efficient use of New Zealand’s ‘whole-of-government’ maritime patrol and surveillance assets.
Summary of the Relationship and NZDF Contribution
The NMCC is co-located with HQ Joint Forces New Zealand at Trentham. It is managed and operated as a separate unit within a host agency - that agency being the New Zealand Customs Service. It is through the NMCC that NZDF assets, such as the P-3K Orion maritime patrol aircraft, the Offshore and Inshore patrol vessels, and other NZDF assets, are coordinated to support multi-agency operations and tasks in the New Zealand environment in support of a range of government departments and agencies, such as the New Zealand Customs Service, Ministry of Fisheries and the New Zealand Police Force.
Notes
6The listed departments/ agencies have been consulted on the content above.
7In nearly all cases, the nature of the task and NZDF contribution is such that the division of responsibility (which department/agency does what) is clearly designated via written instructions, standard operating procedures, formal agreements, memorandums of understanding, or other appropriate documentation. This means that each department can independently measure its own performance, albeit that feedback from other departments will usually be sought.
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